Kubeadm is a tool built to provide kubeadm init and kubeadm join as best-practice "fast paths" for creating Kubernetes clusters.
kubeadm performs the actions necessary to get a minimum viable cluster up and running. By design, it cares only about bootstrapping, not about provisioning machines. Likewise, installing various nice-to-have addons, like the Kubernetes Dashboard, monitoring solutions, and cloud-specific addons, is not in scope.
Instead, we expect higher-level and more tailored tooling to be built on top of kubeadm, and ideally, using kubeadm as the basis of all deployments will make it easier to create conformant clusters.
kubeadm alpha to preview a set of features made available for gathering feedback from the community
1 - Kubeadm Generated
1.1 -
kubeadm: easily bootstrap a secure Kubernetes cluster
Synopsis
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ KUBEADM │
│ Easily bootstrap a secure Kubernetes cluster │
│ │
│ Please give us feedback at: │
│ https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Example usage:
Create a two-machine cluster with one control-plane node
(which controls the cluster), and one worker node
(where your workloads, like Pods and Deployments run).
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the first machine: │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ control-plane# kubeadm init │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the second machine: │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ worker# kubeadm join <arguments-returned-from-init> │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
You can then repeat the second step on as many other machines as you like.
Options
-h, --help
help for kubeadm
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.2 -
Commands related to handling kubernetes certificates
Synopsis
Commands related to handling kubernetes certificates
kubeadm certs [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for certs
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.3 -
Generate certificate keys
Synopsis
This command will print out a secure randomly-generated certificate key that can be used with
the "init" command.
You can also use "kubeadm init --upload-certs" without specifying a certificate key and it will
generate and print one for you.
kubeadm certs certificate-key [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for certificate-key
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.4 -
Check certificates expiration for a Kubernetes cluster
Synopsis
Checks expiration for the certificates in the local PKI managed by kubeadm.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.5 -
Generate keys and certificate signing requests
Synopsis
Generates keys and certificate signing requests (CSRs) for all the certificates required to run the control plane. This command also generates partial kubeconfig files with private key data in the "users > user > client-key-data" field, and for each kubeconfig file an accompanying ".csr" file is created.
This command is designed for use in Kubeadm External CA Mode. It generates CSRs which you can then submit to your external certificate authority for signing.
The PEM encoded signed certificates should then be saved alongside the key files, using ".crt" as the file extension, or in the case of kubeconfig files, the PEM encoded signed certificate should be base64 encoded and added to the kubeconfig file in the "users > user > client-certificate-data" field.
kubeadm certs generate-csr [flags]
Examples
# The following command will generate keys and CSRs for all control-plane certificates and kubeconfig files:
kubeadm certs generate-csr --kubeconfig-dir /tmp/etc-k8s --cert-dir /tmp/etc-k8s/pki
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.6 -
Renew certificates for a Kubernetes cluster
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm certs renew [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for renew
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.7 -
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.8 -
Renew all available certificates
Synopsis
Renew all known certificates necessary to run the control plane. Renewals are run unconditionally, regardless of expiration date. Renewals can also be run individually for more control.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.9 -
Renew the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.10 -
Renew the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.11 -
Renew the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.12 -
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.13 -
Renew the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.14 -
Renew the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.15 -
Renew the certificate for serving etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for serving etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.16 -
Renew the certificate for the front proxy client
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for the front proxy client.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.17 -
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the scheduler manager to use
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the scheduler manager to use.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.18 -
Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
Synopsis
Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh).
The shell code must be evaluated to provide interactive
completion of kubeadm commands. This can be done by sourcing it from
the .bash_profile.
Note: this requires the bash-completion framework.
To install it on Mac use homebrew:
$ brew install bash-completion
Once installed, bash_completion must be evaluated. This can be done by adding the
following line to the .bash_profile
$ source $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion
If bash-completion is not installed on Linux, please install the 'bash-completion' package
via your distribution's package manager.
Note for zsh users: [1] zsh completions are only supported in versions of zsh >= 5.2
kubeadm completion SHELL [flags]
Examples
# Install bash completion on a Mac using homebrew
brew install bash-completion
printf "\n# Bash completion support\nsource $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile
# Load the kubeadm completion code for bash into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion bash)
# Write bash completion code to a file and source it from .bash_profile
kubeadm completion bash > ~/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc
printf "\n# Kubeadm shell completion\nsource '$HOME/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc'\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile
# Load the kubeadm completion code for zsh[1] into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion zsh)
Options
-h, --help
help for completion
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.19 -
Manage configuration for a kubeadm cluster persisted in a ConfigMap in the cluster
Synopsis
There is a ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace called "kubeadm-config" that kubeadm uses to store internal configuration about the
cluster. kubeadm CLI v1.8.0+ automatically creates this ConfigMap with the config used with 'kubeadm init', but if you
initialized your cluster using kubeadm v1.7.x or lower, you must use the 'config upload' command to create this
ConfigMap. This is required so that 'kubeadm upgrade' can configure your upgraded cluster correctly.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.21 -
Print a list of images kubeadm will use. The configuration file is used in case any images or image repositories are customized
Synopsis
Print a list of images kubeadm will use. The configuration file is used in case any images or image repositories are customized
kubeadm config images list [flags]
Options
--allow-missing-template-keys Default: true
If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
-o, --experimental-output string Default: "text"
Output format. One of: text|json|yaml|go-template|go-template-file|template|templatefile|jsonpath|jsonpath-as-json|jsonpath-file.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.22 -
Pull images used by kubeadm
Synopsis
Pull images used by kubeadm
kubeadm config images pull [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.23 -
Read an older version of the kubeadm configuration API types from a file, and output the similar config object for the newer version
Synopsis
This command lets you convert configuration objects of older versions to the latest supported version,
locally in the CLI tool without ever touching anything in the cluster.
In this version of kubeadm, the following API versions are supported:
kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
Further, kubeadm can only write out config of version "kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3", but read both types.
So regardless of what version you pass to the --old-config parameter here, the API object will be
read, deserialized, defaulted, converted, validated, and re-serialized when written to stdout or
--new-config if specified.
In other words, the output of this command is what kubeadm actually would read internally if you
submitted this file to "kubeadm init"
kubeadm config migrate [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-api
Allow migration to experimental, unreleased APIs.
-h, --help
help for migrate
--new-config string
Path to the resulting equivalent kubeadm config file using the new API version. Optional, if not specified output will be sent to STDOUT.
--old-config string
Path to the kubeadm config file that is using an old API version and should be converted. This flag is mandatory.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.25 -
Print default init configuration, that can be used for 'kubeadm init'
Synopsis
This command prints objects such as the default init configuration that is used for 'kubeadm init'.
Note that sensitive values like the Bootstrap Token fields are replaced with placeholder values like "abcdef.0123456789abcdef" in order to pass validation but
not perform the real computation for creating a token.
kubeadm config print init-defaults [flags]
Options
--component-configs strings
A comma-separated list for component config API objects to print the default values for. Available values: [KubeProxyConfiguration KubeletConfiguration]. If this flag is not set, no component configs will be printed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.26 -
Print default join configuration, that can be used for 'kubeadm join'
Synopsis
This command prints objects such as the default join configuration that is used for 'kubeadm join'.
Note that sensitive values like the Bootstrap Token fields are replaced with placeholder values like "abcdef.0123456789abcdef" in order to pass validation but
not perform the real computation for creating a token.
kubeadm config print join-defaults [flags]
Options
--component-configs strings
A comma-separated list for component config API objects to print the default values for. Available values: [KubeProxyConfiguration KubeletConfiguration]. If this flag is not set, no component configs will be printed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.27 -
Print default reset configuration, that can be used for 'kubeadm reset'
Synopsis
This command prints objects such as the default reset configuration that is used for 'kubeadm reset'.
Note that sensitive values like the Bootstrap Token fields are replaced with placeholder values like "abcdef.0123456789abcdef" in order to pass validation but
not perform the real computation for creating a token.
kubeadm config print reset-defaults [flags]
Options
--component-configs strings
A comma-separated list for component config API objects to print the default values for. Available values: [KubeProxyConfiguration KubeletConfiguration]. If this flag is not set, no component configs will be printed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.28 -
Read a file containing the kubeadm configuration API and report any validation problems
Synopsis
This command lets you validate a kubeadm configuration API file and report any warnings and errors.
If there are no errors the exit status will be zero, otherwise it will be non-zero.
Any unmarshaling problems such as unknown API fields will trigger errors. Unknown API versions and
fields with invalid values will also trigger errors. Any other errors or warnings may be reported
depending on contents of the input file.
In this version of kubeadm, the following API versions are supported:
kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
kubeadm config validate [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-api
Allow validation of experimental, unreleased APIs.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.29 -
Run this command in order to set up the Kubernetes control plane
Synopsis
Run this command in order to set up the Kubernetes control plane
The "init" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run pre-flight checks
certs Certificate generation
/ca Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
/apiserver Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
/apiserver-kubelet-client Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
/front-proxy-ca Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
/front-proxy-client Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
/etcd-ca Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
/etcd-server Generate the certificate for serving etcd
/etcd-peer Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
/etcd-healthcheck-client Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
/apiserver-etcd-client Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
/sa Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
/admin Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
/kubelet Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
/controller-manager Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
/scheduler Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use
etcd Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
/local Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
/apiserver Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
/controller-manager Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
/scheduler Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
upload-config Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
/kubeadm Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
/kubelet Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
/experimental-cert-rotation Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon Install required addons for passing conformance tests
/coredns Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
/kube-proxy Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command Show the join command for control-plane and worker node
kubeadm init [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--apiserver-cert-extra-sans strings
Optional extra Subject Alternative Names (SANs) to use for the API Server serving certificate. Can be both IP addresses and DNS names.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--certificate-key string
Key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates in the kubeadm-certs Secret.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-h, --help
help for init
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
--skip-certificate-key-print
Don't print the key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
--skip-token-print
Skip printing of the default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.
--token string
The token to use for establishing bidirectional trust between nodes and control-plane nodes. The format is [a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16} - e.g. abcdef.0123456789abcdef
--token-ttl duration Default: 24h0m0s
The duration before the token is automatically deleted (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). If set to '0', the token will never expire
--upload-certs
Upload control-plane certificates to the kubeadm-certs Secret.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.30 -
Use this command to invoke single phase of the init workflow
Synopsis
Use this command to invoke single phase of the init workflow
Options
-h, --help
help for phase
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.31 -
Install required addons for passing conformance tests
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase addon [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for addon
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.32 -
Install all the addons
Synopsis
Install all the addons
kubeadm init phase addon all [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.33 -
Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
Synopsis
Install the CoreDNS addon components via the API server. Please note that although the DNS server is deployed, it will not be scheduled until CNI is installed.
kubeadm init phase addon coredns [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--print-manifest
Print the addon manifests to STDOUT instead of installing them
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--print-manifest
Print the addon manifests to STDOUT instead of installing them
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.35 -
Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
Synopsis
Bootstrap tokens are used for establishing bidirectional trust between a node joining the cluster and a control-plane node.
This command makes all the configurations required to make bootstrap tokens works and then creates an initial token.
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token [flags]
Examples
# Make all the bootstrap token configurations and create an initial token, functionally
# equivalent to what generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-token-print
Skip printing of the default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.36 -
Certificate generation
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase certs [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for certs
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.37 -
Generate all certificates
Synopsis
Generate all certificates
kubeadm init phase certs all [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-cert-extra-sans strings
Optional extra Subject Alternative Names (SANs) to use for the API Server serving certificate. Can be both IP addresses and DNS names.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for all
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for apiserver-etcd-client
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.39 -
Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet, and save them into apiserver-kubelet-client.crt and apiserver-kubelet-client.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.41 -
Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
Synopsis
Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components, and save them into ca.crt and ca.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs ca [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for ca
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.42 -
Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
Synopsis
Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd, and save them into etcd/ca.crt and etcd/ca.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs etcd-ca [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd-ca
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.43 -
Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd, and save them into etcd/healthcheck-client.crt and etcd/healthcheck-client.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for front-proxy-client
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.48 -
Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
Synopsis
Generate the private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key, and save them into sa.key and sa.pub files. If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs sa [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
-h, --help
help for sa
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.49 -
Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase control-plane [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.50 -
Generate all static Pod manifest files
Synopsis
Generate all static Pod manifest files
kubeadm init phase control-plane all [flags]
Examples
# Generates all static Pod manifest files for control plane components,
# functionally equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase control-plane all
# Generates all static Pod manifest files using options read from a configuration file.
kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config config.yaml
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
A set of extra flags to pass to the Controller Manager or override default ones in form of <flagname>=<value>
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
A set of extra flags to pass to the API Server or override default ones in form of <flagname>=<value>
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.52 -
Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
Synopsis
Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
A set of extra flags to pass to the Scheduler or override default ones in form of <flagname>=<value>
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.54 -
Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase etcd [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for etcd
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.55 -
Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
Synopsis
Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
kubeadm init phase etcd local [flags]
Examples
# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd, functionally
# equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase etcd local
# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd using options
# read from a configuration file.
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config config.yaml
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.56 -
Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for kubeconfig
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.57 -
Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
Synopsis
Generate the kubeconfig file for the admin and for kubeadm itself, and save it to admin.conf file.
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig admin [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.60 -
Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use only for cluster bootstrapping purposes
Synopsis
Generate the kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use and save it to kubelet.conf file.
Please note that this should only be used for cluster bootstrapping purposes. After your control plane is up, you should request all kubelet credentials from the CSR API.
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig kubelet [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for experimental-cert-rotation
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.65 -
Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
Synopsis
Write a file with KubeletConfiguration and an environment file with node specific kubelet settings, and then (re)start kubelet.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start [flags]
Examples
# Writes a dynamic environment file with kubelet flags from a InitConfiguration file.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start --config config.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for kubelet-start
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.66 -
Mark a node as a control-plane
Synopsis
Mark a node as a control-plane
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane [flags]
Examples
# Applies control-plane label and taint to the current node, functionally equivalent to what executed by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config config.yaml
# Applies control-plane label and taint to a specific node
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --node-name myNode
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for mark-control-plane
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.67 -
Run pre-flight checks
Synopsis
Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase preflight [flags]
Examples
# Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm init using a config file.
kubeadm init phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.68 -
Show the join command for control-plane and worker node
Synopsis
Show the join command for control-plane and worker node
kubeadm init phase show-join-command [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for show-join-command
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.69 -
Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
Synopsis
Upload control plane certificates to the kubeadm-certs Secret
kubeadm init phase upload-certs [flags]
Options
--certificate-key string
Key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates in the kubeadm-certs Secret.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-certificate-key-print
Don't print the key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates.
--upload-certs
Upload control-plane certificates to the kubeadm-certs Secret.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.70 -
Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase upload-config [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for upload-config
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.71 -
Upload all configuration to a config map
Synopsis
Upload all configuration to a config map
kubeadm init phase upload-config all [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.72 -
Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap called kubeadm-config in the kube-system namespace. This enables correct configuration of system components and a seamless user experience when upgrading.
Alternatively, you can use kubeadm config.
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubeadm [flags]
Examples
# upload the configuration of your cluster
kubeadm init phase upload-config --config=myConfig.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.73 -
Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
Upload the kubelet configuration extracted from the kubeadm InitConfiguration object to a kubelet-config ConfigMap in the cluster
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubelet [flags]
Examples
# Upload the kubelet configuration from the kubeadm Config file to a ConfigMap in the cluster.
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubelet --config kubeadm.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.74 -
Run this on any machine you wish to join an existing cluster
Synopsis
When joining a kubeadm initialized cluster, we need to establish
bidirectional trust. This is split into discovery (having the Node
trust the Kubernetes Control Plane) and TLS bootstrap (having the
Kubernetes Control Plane trust the Node).
There are 2 main schemes for discovery. The first is to use a shared
token along with the IP address of the API server. The second is to
provide a file - a subset of the standard kubeconfig file. The
discovery/kubeconfig file supports token, client-go authentication
plugins ("exec"), "tokenFile", and "authProvider". This file can be a
local file or downloaded via an HTTPS URL. The forms are
kubeadm join --discovery-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef 1.2.3.4:6443,
kubeadm join --discovery-file path/to/file.conf, or kubeadm join
--discovery-file https://url/file.conf. Only one form can be used. If
the discovery information is loaded from a URL, HTTPS must be used.
Also, in that case the host installed CA bundle is used to verify
the connection.
If you use a shared token for discovery, you should also pass the
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash flag to validate the public key of the
root certificate authority (CA) presented by the Kubernetes Control Plane.
The value of this flag is specified as "<hash-type>:<hex-encoded-value>",
where the supported hash type is "sha256". The hash is calculated over
the bytes of the Subject Public Key Info (SPKI) object (as in RFC7469).
This value is available in the output of "kubeadm init" or can be
calculated using standard tools. The --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash flag
may be repeated multiple times to allow more than one public key.
If you cannot know the CA public key hash ahead of time, you can pass
the --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification flag to disable this
verification. This weakens the kubeadm security model since other nodes
can potentially impersonate the Kubernetes Control Plane.
The TLS bootstrap mechanism is also driven via a shared token. This is
used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane to submit a
certificate signing request (CSR) for a locally created key pair. By
default, kubeadm will set up the Kubernetes Control Plane to automatically
approve these signing requests. This token is passed in with the
--tls-bootstrap-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef flag.
Often times the same token is used for both parts. In this case, the
--token flag can be used instead of specifying each token individually.
The "join [api-server-endpoint]" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
/download-certs [EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
/certs Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
/kubeconfig Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
/control-plane Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join Join a machine as a control plane instance
/etcd Add a new local etcd member
/update-status Register the new control-plane node into the ClusterStatus maintained in the kubeadm-config ConfigMap (DEPRECATED)
/mark-control-plane Mark a node as a control-plane
kubeadm join [api-server-endpoint] [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for join
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.75 -
Use this command to invoke single phase of the join workflow
Synopsis
Use this command to invoke single phase of the join workflow
Options
-h, --help
help for phase
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.76 -
Join a machine as a control plane instance
Synopsis
Join a machine as a control plane instance
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join [flags]
Examples
# Joins a machine as a control plane instance
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join all
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane-join
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.77 -
Join a machine as a control plane instance
Synopsis
Join a machine as a control plane instance
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join all [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for all
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
-h, --help
help for update-status
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.81 -
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
Synopsis
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare [flags]
Examples
# Prepares the machine for serving a control plane
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane-prepare
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.82 -
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
Synopsis
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all [api-server-endpoint] [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for all
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.83 -
Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
Synopsis
Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for certs
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.84 -
Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
Synopsis
Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for control-plane
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.85 -
[EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
Synopsis
[EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for kubelet-start
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
# Run join pre-flight checks using a config file.
kubeadm join phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.89 -
Kubeconfig file utilities
Synopsis
Kubeconfig file utilities.
Options
-h, --help
help for kubeconfig
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.90 -
Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user
Synopsis
Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user.
kubeadm kubeconfig user [flags]
Examples
# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo
kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo
# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo using a kubeadm config file bar
kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo --config=bar
Options
--client-name string
The name of user. It will be used as the CN if client certificates are created
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
-h, --help
help for user
--org strings
The organizations of the client certificate. It will be used as the O if client certificates are created
--token string
The token that should be used as the authentication mechanism for this kubeconfig, instead of client certificates
--validity-period duration Default: 8760h0m0s
The validity period of the client certificate. It is an offset from the current time.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.91 -
Performs a best effort revert of changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join'
Synopsis
Performs a best effort revert of changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join'
The "reset" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run reset pre-flight checks
remove-etcd-member Remove a local etcd member.
cleanup-node Run cleanup node.
kubeadm reset [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.
--cleanup-tmp-dir
Cleanup the "/etc/kubernetes/tmp" directory
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-f, --force
Reset the node without prompting for confirmation.
-h, --help
help for reset
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.92 -
Use this command to invoke single phase of the reset workflow
Synopsis
Use this command to invoke single phase of the reset workflow
Options
-h, --help
help for phase
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.93 -
Run cleanup node.
Synopsis
Run cleanup node.
kubeadm reset phase cleanup-node [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.
--cleanup-tmp-dir
Cleanup the "/etc/kubernetes/tmp" directory
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for cleanup-node
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.94 -
Run reset pre-flight checks
Synopsis
Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm reset.
kubeadm reset phase preflight [flags]
Options
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-f, --force
Reset the node without prompting for confirmation.
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.95 -
Remove a local etcd member.
Synopsis
Remove a local etcd member for a control plane node.
kubeadm reset phase remove-etcd-member [flags]
Options
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.96 -
Manage bootstrap tokens
Synopsis
This command manages bootstrap tokens. It is optional and needed only for advanced use cases.
In short, bootstrap tokens are used for establishing bidirectional trust between a client and a server.
A bootstrap token can be used when a client (for example a node that is about to join the cluster) needs
to trust the server it is talking to. Then a bootstrap token with the "signing" usage can be used.
bootstrap tokens can also function as a way to allow short-lived authentication to the API Server
(the token serves as a way for the API Server to trust the client), for example for doing the TLS Bootstrap.
What is a bootstrap token more exactly?
It is a Secret in the kube-system namespace of type "bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token".
A bootstrap token must be of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}". The former part is the public token ID,
while the latter is the Token Secret and it must be kept private at all circumstances!
The name of the Secret must be named "bootstrap-token-(token-id)".
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.97 -
Create bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will create a bootstrap token for you.
You can specify the usages for this token, the "time to live" and an optional human friendly description.
The [token] is the actual token to write.
This should be a securely generated random token of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}".
If no [token] is given, kubeadm will generate a random token instead.
kubeadm token create [token]
Options
--certificate-key string
When used together with '--print-join-command', print the full 'kubeadm join' flag needed to join the cluster as a control-plane. To create a new certificate key you must use 'kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs'.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--description string
A human friendly description of how this token is used.
Describes the ways in which this token can be used. You can pass --usages multiple times or provide a comma separated list of options. Valid options: [signing,authentication]
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.98 -
Delete bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will delete a list of bootstrap tokens for you.
The [token-value] is the full Token of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}" or the
Token ID of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}" to delete.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.99 -
Generate and print a bootstrap token, but do not create it on the server
Synopsis
This command will print out a randomly-generated bootstrap token that can be used with
the "init" and "join" commands.
You don't have to use this command in order to generate a token. You can do so
yourself as long as it is in the format "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}". This
command is provided for convenience to generate tokens in the given format.
You can also use "kubeadm init" without specifying a token and it will
generate and print one for you.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.100 -
List bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will list all bootstrap tokens for you.
kubeadm token list [flags]
Options
--allow-missing-template-keys Default: true
If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.
-o, --experimental-output string Default: "text"
Output format. One of: text|json|yaml|go-template|go-template-file|template|templatefile|jsonpath|jsonpath-as-json|jsonpath-file.
-h, --help
help for list
--show-managed-fields
If true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.101 -
Upgrade your cluster smoothly to a newer version with this command
Synopsis
Upgrade your cluster smoothly to a newer version with this command
kubeadm upgrade [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for upgrade
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.102 -
Upgrade your Kubernetes cluster to the specified version
Synopsis
Upgrade your Kubernetes cluster to the specified version
kubeadm upgrade apply [version]
Options
--allow-experimental-upgrades
Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--allow-release-candidate-upgrades
Show release candidate versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to a release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--certificate-renewal Default: true
Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output what actions would be performed.
--etcd-upgrade Default: true
Perform the upgrade of etcd.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-f, --force
Force upgrading although some requirements might not be met. This also implies non-interactive mode.
-h, --help
help for apply
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--print-config
Specifies whether the configuration file that will be used in the upgrade should be printed or not.
-y, --yes
Perform the upgrade and do not prompt for confirmation (non-interactive mode).
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.103 -
Show what differences would be applied to existing static pod manifests. See also: kubeadm upgrade apply --dry-run
Synopsis
Show what differences would be applied to existing static pod manifests. See also: kubeadm upgrade apply --dry-run
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.104 -
Upgrade commands for a node in the cluster
Synopsis
Upgrade commands for a node in the cluster
The "node" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run upgrade node pre-flight checks
control-plane Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
kubelet-config Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
kubeadm upgrade node [flags]
Options
--certificate-renewal Default: true
Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output the actions that would be performed.
--etcd-upgrade Default: true
Perform the upgrade of etcd.
-h, --help
help for node
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.105 -
Use this command to invoke single phase of the node workflow
Synopsis
Use this command to invoke single phase of the node workflow
Options
-h, --help
help for phase
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.106 -
Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
Synopsis
Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
kubeadm upgrade node phase control-plane [flags]
Options
--certificate-renewal Default: true
Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output the actions that would be performed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.107 -
Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
Synopsis
Download the kubelet configuration from the kubelet-config ConfigMap stored in the cluster
kubeadm upgrade node phase kubelet-config [flags]
Options
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output the actions that would be performed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.108 -
Run upgrade node pre-flight checks
Synopsis
Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm upgrade node.
kubeadm upgrade node phase preflight [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.109 -
Check which versions are available to upgrade to and validate whether your current cluster is upgradeable. To skip the internet check, pass in the optional [version] parameter
Synopsis
Check which versions are available to upgrade to and validate whether your current cluster is upgradeable. To skip the internet check, pass in the optional [version] parameter
kubeadm upgrade plan [version] [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-upgrades
Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--allow-release-candidate-upgrades
Show release candidate versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to a release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-h, --help
help for plan
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
-o, --output string Default: "text"
EXPERIMENTAL: Output format. One of: text|json|yaml.
--print-config
Specifies whether the configuration file that will be used in the upgrade should be printed or not.
--show-managed-fields
If true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.110 -
Print the version of kubeadm
Synopsis
Print the version of kubeadm
kubeadm version [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for version
-o, --output string
Output format; available options are 'yaml', 'json' and 'short'
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
1.111 -
All files in this directory are auto-generated from other repos. Do not edit them manually. You must edit them in their upstream repo.
2 - kubeadm init
This command initializes a Kubernetes control-plane node.
Run this command in order to set up the Kubernetes control plane
Synopsis
Run this command in order to set up the Kubernetes control plane
The "init" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run pre-flight checks
certs Certificate generation
/ca Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
/apiserver Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
/apiserver-kubelet-client Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
/front-proxy-ca Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
/front-proxy-client Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
/etcd-ca Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
/etcd-server Generate the certificate for serving etcd
/etcd-peer Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
/etcd-healthcheck-client Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
/apiserver-etcd-client Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
/sa Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
/admin Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
/kubelet Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
/controller-manager Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
/scheduler Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use
etcd Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
/local Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
/apiserver Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
/controller-manager Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
/scheduler Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
upload-config Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
/kubeadm Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
/kubelet Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
/experimental-cert-rotation Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon Install required addons for passing conformance tests
/coredns Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
/kube-proxy Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command Show the join command for control-plane and worker node
kubeadm init [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--apiserver-cert-extra-sans strings
Optional extra Subject Alternative Names (SANs) to use for the API Server serving certificate. Can be both IP addresses and DNS names.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--certificate-key string
Key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates in the kubeadm-certs Secret.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-h, --help
help for init
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
--skip-certificate-key-print
Don't print the key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
--skip-token-print
Skip printing of the default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.
--token string
The token to use for establishing bidirectional trust between nodes and control-plane nodes. The format is [a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16} - e.g. abcdef.0123456789abcdef
--token-ttl duration Default: 24h0m0s
The duration before the token is automatically deleted (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). If set to '0', the token will never expire
--upload-certs
Upload control-plane certificates to the kubeadm-certs Secret.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Init workflow
kubeadm init bootstraps a Kubernetes control-plane node by executing the
following steps:
Runs a series of pre-flight checks to validate the system state
before making changes. Some checks only trigger warnings, others are
considered errors and will exit kubeadm until the problem is corrected or the
user specifies --ignore-preflight-errors=<list-of-errors>.
Generates a self-signed CA to set up identities for each component in the cluster. The user can provide their
own CA cert and/or key by dropping it in the cert directory configured via --cert-dir
(/etc/kubernetes/pki by default).
The APIServer certs will have additional SAN entries for any --apiserver-cert-extra-sans
arguments, lowercased if necessary.
Writes kubeconfig files in /etc/kubernetes/ for the kubelet, the controller-manager and the
scheduler to use to connect to the API server, each with its own identity, as well as an
additional kubeconfig file for administration named admin.conf.
Generates static Pod manifests for the API server,
controller-manager and scheduler. In case an external etcd is not provided,
an additional static Pod manifest is generated for etcd.
Static Pod manifests are written to /etc/kubernetes/manifests; the kubelet
watches this directory for Pods to create on startup.
Once control plane Pods are up and running, the kubeadm init sequence can continue.
Apply labels and taints to the control-plane node so that no additional workloads will
run there.
Generates the token that additional nodes can use to register
themselves with a control-plane in the future. Optionally, the user can provide a
token via --token, as described in the
kubeadm token docs.
Makes all the necessary configurations for allowing node joining with the
Bootstrap Tokens and
TLS Bootstrap
mechanism:
Write a ConfigMap for making available all the information required
for joining, and set up related RBAC access rules.
Installs a DNS server (CoreDNS) and the kube-proxy addon components via the API server.
In Kubernetes version 1.11 and later CoreDNS is the default DNS server.
Please note that although the DNS server is deployed, it will not be scheduled until CNI is installed.
Warning: kube-dns usage with kubeadm is deprecated as of v1.18 and is removed in v1.21.
Using init phases with kubeadm
Kubeadm allows you to create a control-plane node in phases using the kubeadm init phase command.
To view the ordered list of phases and sub-phases you can call kubeadm init --help. The list
will be located at the top of the help screen and each phase will have a description next to it.
Note that by calling kubeadm init all of the phases and sub-phases will be executed in this exact order.
Some phases have unique flags, so if you want to have a look at the list of available options add
--help, for example:
You can also use --help to see the list of sub-phases for a certain parent phase:
sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane --help
kubeadm init also exposes a flag called --skip-phases that can be used to skip certain phases.
The flag accepts a list of phase names and the names can be taken from the above ordered list.
An example:
sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config=configfile.yaml
sudo kubeadm init phase etcd local --config=configfile.yaml
# you can now modify the control plane and etcd manifest filessudo kubeadm init --skip-phases=control-plane,etcd --config=configfile.yaml
What this example would do is write the manifest files for the control plane and etcd in
/etc/kubernetes/manifests based on the configuration in configfile.yaml. This allows you to
modify the files and then skip these phases using --skip-phases. By calling the last command you
will create a control plane node with the custom manifest files.
FEATURE STATE:Kubernetes v1.22 [beta]
Alternatively, you can use the skipPhases field under InitConfiguration.
Using kubeadm init with a configuration file
Caution: The config file is still considered beta and may change in future versions.
It's possible to configure kubeadm init with a configuration file instead of command
line flags, and some more advanced features may only be available as
configuration file options. This file is passed using the --config flag and it must
contain a ClusterConfiguration structure and optionally more structures separated by ---\n
Mixing --config with others flags may not be allowed in some cases.
The default configuration can be printed out using the
kubeadm config print command.
If your configuration is not using the latest version it is recommended that you migrate using
the kubeadm config migrate command.
For more information on the fields and usage of the configuration you can navigate to our
API reference page.
Using kubeadm init with feature gates
Kubeadm supports a set of feature gates that are unique to kubeadm and can only be applied
during cluster creation with kubeadm init. These features can control the behavior
of the cluster. Feature gates are removed after a feature graduates to GA.
To pass a feature gate you can either use the --feature-gates flag for
kubeadm init, or you can add items into the featureGates field when you pass
a configuration file
using --config.
Note: Once a feature gate goes GA its value becomes locked to true by default.
Feature gate descriptions:
PublicKeysECDSA
Can be used to create a cluster that uses ECDSA certificates instead of the default RSA algorithm.
Renewal of existing ECDSA certificates is also supported using kubeadm certs renew, but you cannot
switch between the RSA and ECDSA algorithms on the fly or during upgrades.
RootlessControlPlane
Setting this flag configures the kubeadm deployed control plane component static Pod containers
for kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler and etcd to run as non-root users.
If the flag is not set, those components run as root. You can change the value of this feature gate before
you upgrade to a newer version of Kubernetes.
EtcdLearnerMode
With this feature gate enabled, when joining a new control plane node, a new etcd member will be created
as a learner and promoted to a voting member only after the etcd data are fully aligned.
List of deprecated feature gates:
kubeadm deprecated feature gates
Feature
Default
UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane
false
Feature gate descriptions:
UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane
This is as a disabled feature gate that was introduced for Kubernetes v1.28, in order to allow reactivating a legacy
and deprecated behavior during cluster upgrade. For kubeadm versions prior to v1.28, kubeadm upgrades cluster addons (including
CoreDNS and kube-proxy) immediately during kubeadm upgrade apply, regardless of whether there are other control plane
instances that have not been upgraded. This may cause compatibility problems. Since v1.28, kubeadm defaults to a mode that
always checks whether all the control plane instances have been upgraded before starting to upgrade the addons. This behavior
is applied to both kubeadm upgrade apply and kubeadm upgrade node. kubeadm determines whether a control plane instance
has been upgraded by checking whether the image of the kube-apiserver Pod has been upgraded. You must perform control plane
instances upgrade sequentially or at least ensure that the last control plane instance upgrade is not started until all the
other control plane instances have been upgraded completely, and the addons upgrade will be performed after the last control plane
instance is upgraded. The deprecated UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane feature gate gives you a chance to keep the old upgrade
behavior. You should not need this old behavior; if you do, you should consider changing your cluster or upgrade processes, as this
feature gate will be removed in a future release.
List of removed feature gates:
kubeadm removed feature gates
Feature
Alpha
Beta
GA
Removed
UnversionedKubeletConfigMap
1.22
1.23
1.25
1.26
IPv6DualStack
1.16
1.21
1.23
1.24
Feature gate descriptions:
UnversionedKubeletConfigMap
This flag controls the name of the ConfigMap where kubeadm stores
kubelet configuration data. With this flag not specified or set to true, the ConfigMap is named kubelet-config.
If you set this flag to false, the name of the ConfigMap includes the major and minor version for Kubernetes
(for example: kubelet-config-1.28). Kubeadm ensures that RBAC rules for reading and writing
that ConfigMap are appropriate for the value you set. When kubeadm writes this ConfigMap (during kubeadm init
or kubeadm upgrade apply), kubeadm respects the value of UnversionedKubeletConfigMap. When reading that ConfigMap
(during kubeadm join, kubeadm reset, kubeadm upgrade ...), kubeadm attempts to use unversioned ConfigMap name first;
if that does not succeed, kubeadm falls back to using the legacy (versioned) name for that ConfigMap.
IPv6DualStack
This flag helps to configure components dual stack when the feature is in progress. For more details on Kubernetes
dual-stack support see Dual-stack support with kubeadm.
Adding kube-proxy parameters
For information about kube-proxy parameters in the kubeadm configuration see:
For running kubeadm without an Internet connection you have to pre-pull the required control-plane images.
You can list and pull the images using the kubeadm config images sub-command:
kubeadm config images list
kubeadm config images pull
You can pass --config to the above commands with a kubeadm configuration file
to control the kubernetesVersion and imageRepository fields.
All default registry.k8s.io images that kubeadm requires support multiple architectures.
Using custom images
By default, kubeadm pulls images from registry.k8s.io. If the
requested Kubernetes version is a CI label (such as ci/latest)
gcr.io/k8s-staging-ci-images is used.
To provide kubernetesVersion which affects the version of the images.
To provide an alternative imageRepository to be used instead of
registry.k8s.io.
To provide a specific imageRepository and imageTag for etcd or CoreDNS.
Image paths between the default registry.k8s.io and a custom repository specified using
imageRepository may differ for backwards compatibility reasons. For example,
one image might have a subpath at registry.k8s.io/subpath/image, but be defaulted
to my.customrepository.io/image when using a custom repository.
To ensure you push the images to your custom repository in paths that kubeadm
can consume, you must:
Pull images from the defaults paths at registry.k8s.io using kubeadm config images {list|pull}.
Push images to the paths from kubeadm config images list --config=config.yaml,
where config.yaml contains the custom imageRepository, and/or imageTag
for etcd and CoreDNS.
Pass the same config.yaml to kubeadm init.
Custom sandbox (pause) images
To set a custom image for these you need to configure this in your
container runtime
to use the image.
Consult the documentation for your container runtime to find out how to change this setting;
for selected container runtimes, you can also find advice within the
Container Runtimes topic.
Uploading control-plane certificates to the cluster
By adding the flag --upload-certs to kubeadm init you can temporary upload
the control-plane certificates to a Secret in the cluster. Please note that this Secret
will expire automatically after 2 hours. The certificates are encrypted using
a 32byte key that can be specified using --certificate-key. The same key can be used
to download the certificates when additional control-plane nodes are joining, by passing
--control-plane and --certificate-key to kubeadm join.
The following phase command can be used to re-upload the certificates after expiration:
Note: A predefined certificateKey can be provided in InitConfiguration when passing the
configuration file with --config.
If a predefined certificate key is not passed to kubeadm init and
kubeadm init phase upload-certs a new key will be generated automatically.
The following command can be used to generate a new key on demand:
kubeadm certs certificate-key
Certificate management with kubeadm
For detailed information on certificate management with kubeadm see
Certificate Management with kubeadm.
The document includes information about using external CA, custom certificates
and certificate renewal.
Managing the kubeadm drop-in file for the kubelet
The kubeadm package ships with a configuration file for running the kubelet by systemd.
Note that the kubeadm CLI never touches this drop-in file. This drop-in file is part of the kubeadm
DEB/RPM package.
By default kubeadm attempts to detect your container runtime. For more details on this detection,
see the kubeadm CRI installation guide.
Setting the node name
By default, kubeadm assigns a node name based on a machine's host address.
You can override this setting with the --node-name flag.
The flag passes the appropriate --hostname-override
value to the kubelet.
Rather than copying the token you obtained from kubeadm init to each node, as
in the basic kubeadm tutorial,
you can parallelize the token distribution for easier automation. To implement this automation,
you must know the IP address that the control-plane node will have after it is started, or use a
DNS name or an address of a load balancer.
Generate a token. This token must have the form <6 character string>.<16 character string>. More formally, it must match the regex:
[a-z0-9]{6}\.[a-z0-9]{16}.
kubeadm can generate a token for you:
kubeadm token generate
Start both the control-plane node and the worker nodes concurrently with this token.
As they come up they should find each other and form the cluster. The same
--token argument can be used on both kubeadm init and kubeadm join.
Similar can be done for --certificate-key when joining additional control-plane
nodes. The key can be generated using:
kubeadm certs certificate-key
Once the cluster is up, you can grab the admin credentials from the control-plane node
at /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf and use that to talk to the cluster.
Note that this style of bootstrap has some relaxed security guarantees because
it does not allow the root CA hash to be validated with
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash (since it's not generated when the nodes are
provisioned). For details, see the kubeadm join.
kubeadm join to bootstrap a Kubernetes
worker node and join it to the cluster
kubeadm upgrade to upgrade a Kubernetes
cluster to a newer version
kubeadm reset to revert any changes made
to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join
3 - kubeadm join
This command initializes a Kubernetes worker node and joins it to the cluster.
Run this on any machine you wish to join an existing cluster
Synopsis
When joining a kubeadm initialized cluster, we need to establish
bidirectional trust. This is split into discovery (having the Node
trust the Kubernetes Control Plane) and TLS bootstrap (having the
Kubernetes Control Plane trust the Node).
There are 2 main schemes for discovery. The first is to use a shared
token along with the IP address of the API server. The second is to
provide a file - a subset of the standard kubeconfig file. The
discovery/kubeconfig file supports token, client-go authentication
plugins ("exec"), "tokenFile", and "authProvider". This file can be a
local file or downloaded via an HTTPS URL. The forms are
kubeadm join --discovery-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef 1.2.3.4:6443,
kubeadm join --discovery-file path/to/file.conf, or kubeadm join
--discovery-file https://url/file.conf. Only one form can be used. If
the discovery information is loaded from a URL, HTTPS must be used.
Also, in that case the host installed CA bundle is used to verify
the connection.
If you use a shared token for discovery, you should also pass the
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash flag to validate the public key of the
root certificate authority (CA) presented by the Kubernetes Control Plane.
The value of this flag is specified as "<hash-type>:<hex-encoded-value>",
where the supported hash type is "sha256". The hash is calculated over
the bytes of the Subject Public Key Info (SPKI) object (as in RFC7469).
This value is available in the output of "kubeadm init" or can be
calculated using standard tools. The --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash flag
may be repeated multiple times to allow more than one public key.
If you cannot know the CA public key hash ahead of time, you can pass
the --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification flag to disable this
verification. This weakens the kubeadm security model since other nodes
can potentially impersonate the Kubernetes Control Plane.
The TLS bootstrap mechanism is also driven via a shared token. This is
used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane to submit a
certificate signing request (CSR) for a locally created key pair. By
default, kubeadm will set up the Kubernetes Control Plane to automatically
approve these signing requests. This token is passed in with the
--tls-bootstrap-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef flag.
Often times the same token is used for both parts. In this case, the
--token flag can be used instead of specifying each token individually.
The "join [api-server-endpoint]" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
/download-certs [EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
/certs Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
/kubeconfig Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
/control-plane Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join Join a machine as a control plane instance
/etcd Add a new local etcd member
/update-status Register the new control-plane node into the ClusterStatus maintained in the kubeadm-config ConfigMap (DEPRECATED)
/mark-control-plane Mark a node as a control-plane
kubeadm join [api-server-endpoint] [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for join
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
The join workflow
kubeadm join bootstraps a Kubernetes worker node or a control-plane node and adds it to the cluster.
This action consists of the following steps for worker nodes:
kubeadm downloads necessary cluster information from the API server.
By default, it uses the bootstrap token and the CA key hash to verify the
authenticity of that data. The root CA can also be discovered directly via a
file or URL.
Once the cluster information is known, kubelet can start the TLS bootstrapping
process.
The TLS bootstrap uses the shared token to temporarily authenticate
with the Kubernetes API server to submit a certificate signing request (CSR); by
default the control plane signs this CSR request automatically.
Finally, kubeadm configures the local kubelet to connect to the API
server with the definitive identity assigned to the node.
For control-plane nodes additional steps are performed:
Downloading certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the cluster
(if explicitly requested by the user).
Generating control-plane component manifests, certificates and kubeconfig.
Adding new local etcd member.
Using join phases with kubeadm
Kubeadm allows you join a node to the cluster in phases using kubeadm join phase.
To view the ordered list of phases and sub-phases you can call kubeadm join --help. The list will be located
at the top of the help screen and each phase will have a description next to it.
Note that by calling kubeadm join all of the phases and sub-phases will be executed in this exact order.
Some phases have unique flags, so if you want to have a look at the list of available options add --help, for example:
kubeadm join phase kubelet-start --help
Similar to the kubeadm init phase
command, kubeadm join phase allows you to skip a list of phases using the --skip-phases flag.
Alternatively, you can use the skipPhases field in JoinConfiguration.
Discovering what cluster CA to trust
The kubeadm discovery has several options, each with security tradeoffs.
The right method for your environment depends on how you provision nodes and the
security expectations you have about your network and node lifecycles.
Token-based discovery with CA pinning
This is the default mode in kubeadm. In this mode, kubeadm downloads
the cluster configuration (including root CA) and validates it using the token
as well as validating that the root CA public key matches the provided hash and
that the API server certificate is valid under the root CA.
The CA key hash has the format sha256:<hex_encoded_hash>.
By default, the hash value is printed at the end of the kubeadm init command or
in the output from the kubeadm token create --print-join-command command.
It is in a standard format (see RFC7469)
and can also be calculated by 3rd party tools or provisioning systems.
For example, using the OpenSSL CLI:
You can also call join for a control-plane node with --certificate-key to copy certificates to this node,
if the kubeadm init command was called with --upload-certs.
Advantages:
Allows bootstrapping nodes to securely discover a root of trust for the
control-plane node even if other worker nodes or the network are compromised.
Convenient to execute manually since all of the information required fits
into a single kubeadm join command.
Disadvantages:
The CA hash is not normally known until the control-plane node has been provisioned,
which can make it more difficult to build automated provisioning tools that
use kubeadm. By generating your CA in beforehand, you may workaround this
limitation.
Token-based discovery without CA pinning
This mode relies only on the symmetric token to sign
(HMAC-SHA256) the discovery information that establishes the root of trust for
the control-plane. To use the mode the joining nodes must skip the hash validation of the
CA public key, using --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification. You should consider
using one of the other modes if possible.
Still protects against many network-level attacks.
The token can be generated ahead of time and shared with the control-plane node and
worker nodes, which can then bootstrap in parallel without coordination. This
allows it to be used in many provisioning scenarios.
Disadvantages:
If an attacker is able to steal a bootstrap token via some vulnerability,
they can use that token (along with network-level access) to impersonate the
control-plane node to other bootstrapping nodes. This may or may not be an appropriate
tradeoff in your environment.
File or HTTPS-based discovery
This provides an out-of-band way to establish a root of trust between the control-plane node
and bootstrapping nodes. Consider using this mode if you are building automated provisioning
using kubeadm. The format of the discovery file is a regular Kubernetes
kubeconfig file.
In case the discovery file does not contain credentials, the TLS discovery token will be used.
Allows bootstrapping nodes to securely discover a root of trust for the
control-plane node even if the network or other worker nodes are compromised.
Disadvantages:
Requires that you have some way to carry the discovery information from
the control-plane node to the bootstrapping nodes. If the discovery file contains credentials
you must keep it secret and transfer it over a secure channel. This might be possible with your
cloud provider or provisioning tool.
Use of custom kubelet credentials with kubeadm join
To allow kubeadm join to use predefined kubelet credentials and skip client TLS bootstrap
and CSR approval for a new node:
From a working control plane node in the cluster that has /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key
execute kubeadm kubeconfig user --org system:nodes --client-name system:node:$NODE > kubelet.conf.
$NODE must be set to the name of the new node.
Modify the resulted kubelet.conf manually to adjust the cluster name and the server endpoint,
or run kubeadm kubeconfig user --config (it accepts InitConfiguration).
If your cluster does not have the ca.key file, you must sign the embedded certificates in
the kubelet.conf externally.
Copy the resulting kubelet.conf to /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf on the new node.
Execute kubeadm join with the flag
--ignore-preflight-errors=FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-kubelet.conf on the new node.
Securing your installation even more
The defaults for kubeadm may not work for everyone. This section documents how to tighten up a kubeadm installation
at the cost of some usability.
Turning off auto-approval of node client certificates
By default, there is a CSR auto-approver enabled that basically approves any client certificate request
for a kubelet when a Bootstrap Token was used when authenticating. If you don't want the cluster to
automatically approve kubelet client certs, you can turn it off by executing this command:
After that, kubeadm join will block until the admin has manually approved the CSR in flight:
Using kubectl get csr, you can see that the original CSR is in the Pending state.
kubectl get csr
The output is similar to this:
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ 18s system:bootstrap:878f07 Pending
kubectl certificate approve allows the admin to approve CSR.This action tells a certificate signing
controller to issue a certificate to the requestor with the attributes requested in the CSR.
This would change the CRS resource to Active state.
kubectl get csr
The output is similar to this:
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ 1m system:bootstrap:878f07 Approved,Issued
This forces the workflow that kubeadm join will only succeed if kubectl certificate approve has been run.
Turning off public access to the cluster-info ConfigMap
In order to achieve the joining flow using the token as the only piece of validation information, a
ConfigMap with some data needed for validation of the control-plane node's identity is exposed publicly by
default. While there is no private data in this ConfigMap, some users might wish to turn
it off regardless. Doing so will disable the ability to use the --discovery-token flag of the
kubeadm join flow. Here are the steps to do so:
Fetch the cluster-info file from the API Server:
kubectl -n kube-public get cm cluster-info -o jsonpath='{.data.kubeconfig}' | tee cluster-info.yaml
These commands should be run after kubeadm init but before kubeadm join.
Using kubeadm join with a configuration file
Caution: The config file is still considered beta and may change in future versions.
It's possible to configure kubeadm join with a configuration file instead of command
line flags, and some more advanced features may only be available as
configuration file options. This file is passed using the --config flag and it must
contain a JoinConfiguration structure. Mixing --config with others flags may not be
allowed in some cases.
The default configuration can be printed out using the
kubeadm config print command.
If your configuration is not using the latest version it is recommended that you migrate using
the kubeadm config migrate command.
For more information on the fields and usage of the configuration you can navigate to our
API reference.
What's next
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node.
kubeadm reset to revert any changes made to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join.
4 - kubeadm upgrade
kubeadm upgrade is a user-friendly command that wraps complex upgrading logic
behind one command, with support for both planning an upgrade and actually performing it.
kubeadm upgrade guidance
The steps for performing an upgrade using kubeadm are outlined in this document.
For older versions of kubeadm, please refer to older documentation sets of the Kubernetes website.
You can use kubeadm upgrade diff to see the changes that would be applied to static pod manifests.
In Kubernetes v1.15.0 and later, kubeadm upgrade apply and kubeadm upgrade node will also
automatically renew the kubeadm managed certificates on this node, including those stored in kubeconfig files.
To opt-out, it is possible to pass the flag --certificate-renewal=false. For more details about certificate
renewal see the certificate management documentation.
Note: The commands kubeadm upgrade apply and kubeadm upgrade plan have a legacy --config
flag which makes it possible to reconfigure the cluster, while performing planning or upgrade of that particular
control-plane node. Please be aware that the upgrade workflow was not designed for this scenario and there are
reports of unexpected results.
kubeadm upgrade plan
Check which versions are available to upgrade to and validate whether your current cluster is upgradeable. To skip the internet check, pass in the optional [version] parameter
Synopsis
Check which versions are available to upgrade to and validate whether your current cluster is upgradeable. To skip the internet check, pass in the optional [version] parameter
kubeadm upgrade plan [version] [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-upgrades
Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--allow-release-candidate-upgrades
Show release candidate versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to a release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-h, --help
help for plan
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
-o, --output string Default: "text"
EXPERIMENTAL: Output format. One of: text|json|yaml.
--print-config
Specifies whether the configuration file that will be used in the upgrade should be printed or not.
--show-managed-fields
If true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm upgrade apply
Upgrade your Kubernetes cluster to the specified version
Synopsis
Upgrade your Kubernetes cluster to the specified version
kubeadm upgrade apply [version]
Options
--allow-experimental-upgrades
Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--allow-release-candidate-upgrades
Show release candidate versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to a release candidate versions of Kubernetes.
--certificate-renewal Default: true
Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output what actions would be performed.
--etcd-upgrade Default: true
Perform the upgrade of etcd.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
-f, --force
Force upgrading although some requirements might not be met. This also implies non-interactive mode.
-h, --help
help for apply
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--print-config
Specifies whether the configuration file that will be used in the upgrade should be printed or not.
-y, --yes
Perform the upgrade and do not prompt for confirmation (non-interactive mode).
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm upgrade diff
Show what differences would be applied to existing static pod manifests. See also: kubeadm upgrade apply --dry-run
Synopsis
Show what differences would be applied to existing static pod manifests. See also: kubeadm upgrade apply --dry-run
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm upgrade node
Upgrade commands for a node in the cluster
Synopsis
Upgrade commands for a node in the cluster
The "node" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run upgrade node pre-flight checks
control-plane Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
kubelet-config Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
kubeadm upgrade node [flags]
Options
--certificate-renewal Default: true
Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output the actions that would be performed.
--etcd-upgrade Default: true
Perform the upgrade of etcd.
-h, --help
help for node
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
What's next
kubeadm config if you initialized your cluster using kubeadm v1.7.x or lower, to configure your cluster for kubeadm upgrade
5 - kubeadm config
During kubeadm init, kubeadm uploads the ClusterConfiguration object to your cluster
in a ConfigMap called kubeadm-config in the kube-system namespace. This configuration is then read during
kubeadm join, kubeadm reset and kubeadm upgrade.
You can use kubeadm config print to print the default static configuration that kubeadm
uses for kubeadm init and kubeadm join.
Note: The output of the command is meant to serve as an example. You must manually edit the output
of this command to adapt to your setup. Remove the fields that you are not certain about and kubeadm
will try to default them on runtime by examining the host.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config print init-defaults
Print default init configuration, that can be used for 'kubeadm init'
Synopsis
This command prints objects such as the default init configuration that is used for 'kubeadm init'.
Note that sensitive values like the Bootstrap Token fields are replaced with placeholder values like "abcdef.0123456789abcdef" in order to pass validation but
not perform the real computation for creating a token.
kubeadm config print init-defaults [flags]
Options
--component-configs strings
A comma-separated list for component config API objects to print the default values for. Available values: [KubeProxyConfiguration KubeletConfiguration]. If this flag is not set, no component configs will be printed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config print join-defaults
Print default join configuration, that can be used for 'kubeadm join'
Synopsis
This command prints objects such as the default join configuration that is used for 'kubeadm join'.
Note that sensitive values like the Bootstrap Token fields are replaced with placeholder values like "abcdef.0123456789abcdef" in order to pass validation but
not perform the real computation for creating a token.
kubeadm config print join-defaults [flags]
Options
--component-configs strings
A comma-separated list for component config API objects to print the default values for. Available values: [KubeProxyConfiguration KubeletConfiguration]. If this flag is not set, no component configs will be printed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config migrate
Read an older version of the kubeadm configuration API types from a file, and output the similar config object for the newer version
Synopsis
This command lets you convert configuration objects of older versions to the latest supported version,
locally in the CLI tool without ever touching anything in the cluster.
In this version of kubeadm, the following API versions are supported:
kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
Further, kubeadm can only write out config of version "kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3", but read both types.
So regardless of what version you pass to the --old-config parameter here, the API object will be
read, deserialized, defaulted, converted, validated, and re-serialized when written to stdout or
--new-config if specified.
In other words, the output of this command is what kubeadm actually would read internally if you
submitted this file to "kubeadm init"
kubeadm config migrate [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-api
Allow migration to experimental, unreleased APIs.
-h, --help
help for migrate
--new-config string
Path to the resulting equivalent kubeadm config file using the new API version. Optional, if not specified output will be sent to STDOUT.
--old-config string
Path to the kubeadm config file that is using an old API version and should be converted. This flag is mandatory.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config validate
Read a file containing the kubeadm configuration API and report any validation problems
Synopsis
This command lets you validate a kubeadm configuration API file and report any warnings and errors.
If there are no errors the exit status will be zero, otherwise it will be non-zero.
Any unmarshaling problems such as unknown API fields will trigger errors. Unknown API versions and
fields with invalid values will also trigger errors. Any other errors or warnings may be reported
depending on contents of the input file.
In this version of kubeadm, the following API versions are supported:
kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
kubeadm config validate [flags]
Options
--allow-experimental-api
Allow validation of experimental, unreleased APIs.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config images list
Print a list of images kubeadm will use. The configuration file is used in case any images or image repositories are customized
Synopsis
Print a list of images kubeadm will use. The configuration file is used in case any images or image repositories are customized
kubeadm config images list [flags]
Options
--allow-missing-template-keys Default: true
If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
-o, --experimental-output string Default: "text"
Output format. One of: text|json|yaml|go-template|go-template-file|template|templatefile|jsonpath|jsonpath-as-json|jsonpath-file.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm config images pull
Pull images used by kubeadm
Synopsis
Pull images used by kubeadm
kubeadm config images pull [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
What's next
kubeadm upgrade to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster to a newer version
6 - kubeadm reset
Performs a best effort revert of changes made by kubeadm init or kubeadm join.
Performs a best effort revert of changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join'
Synopsis
Performs a best effort revert of changes made to this host by 'kubeadm init' or 'kubeadm join'
The "reset" command executes the following phases:
preflight Run reset pre-flight checks
remove-etcd-member Remove a local etcd member.
cleanup-node Run cleanup node.
kubeadm reset [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.
--cleanup-tmp-dir
Cleanup the "/etc/kubernetes/tmp" directory
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-f, --force
Reset the node without prompting for confirmation.
-h, --help
help for reset
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-phases strings
List of phases to be skipped
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Reset workflow
kubeadm reset is responsible for cleaning up a node local file system from files that were created using
the kubeadm init or kubeadm join commands. For control-plane nodes reset also removes the local stacked
etcd member of this node from the etcd cluster.
kubeadm reset phase can be used to execute the separate phases of the above workflow.
To skip a list of phases you can use the --skip-phases flag, which works in a similar way to
the kubeadm join and kubeadm init phase runners.
External etcd clean up
kubeadm reset will not delete any etcd data if external etcd is used. This means that if you run kubeadm init again using the same etcd endpoints, you will see state from previous clusters.
To wipe etcd data it is recommended you use a client like etcdctl, such as:
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
kubeadm join to bootstrap a Kubernetes worker node and join it to the cluster
7 - kubeadm token
Bootstrap tokens are used for establishing bidirectional trust between a node joining
the cluster and a control-plane node, as described in authenticating with bootstrap tokens.
kubeadm init creates an initial token with a 24-hour TTL. The following commands allow you to manage
such a token and also to create and manage new ones.
kubeadm token create
Create bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will create a bootstrap token for you.
You can specify the usages for this token, the "time to live" and an optional human friendly description.
The [token] is the actual token to write.
This should be a securely generated random token of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}".
If no [token] is given, kubeadm will generate a random token instead.
kubeadm token create [token]
Options
--certificate-key string
When used together with '--print-join-command', print the full 'kubeadm join' flag needed to join the cluster as a control-plane. To create a new certificate key you must use 'kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs'.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--description string
A human friendly description of how this token is used.
Describes the ways in which this token can be used. You can pass --usages multiple times or provide a comma separated list of options. Valid options: [signing,authentication]
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm token delete
Delete bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will delete a list of bootstrap tokens for you.
The [token-value] is the full Token of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}" or the
Token ID of the form "[a-z0-9]{6}" to delete.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm token generate
Generate and print a bootstrap token, but do not create it on the server
Synopsis
This command will print out a randomly-generated bootstrap token that can be used with
the "init" and "join" commands.
You don't have to use this command in order to generate a token. You can do so
yourself as long as it is in the format "[a-z0-9]{6}.[a-z0-9]{16}". This
command is provided for convenience to generate tokens in the given format.
You can also use "kubeadm init" without specifying a token and it will
generate and print one for you.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm token list
List bootstrap tokens on the server
Synopsis
This command will list all bootstrap tokens for you.
kubeadm token list [flags]
Options
--allow-missing-template-keys Default: true
If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.
-o, --experimental-output string Default: "text"
Output format. One of: text|json|yaml|go-template|go-template-file|template|templatefile|jsonpath|jsonpath-as-json|jsonpath-file.
-h, --help
help for list
--show-managed-fields
If true, keep the managedFields when printing objects in JSON or YAML format.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
What's next
kubeadm join to bootstrap a Kubernetes worker node and join it to the cluster
8 - kubeadm version
This command prints the version of kubeadm.
Print the version of kubeadm
Synopsis
Print the version of kubeadm
kubeadm version [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for version
-o, --output string
Output format; available options are 'yaml', 'json' and 'short'
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
9 - kubeadm alpha
Caution:kubeadm alpha provides a preview of a set of features made available for gathering feedback
from the community. Please try it out and give us feedback!
Currently there are no experimental commands under kubeadm alpha.
What's next
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
kubeadm reset to revert any changes made to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join
10 - kubeadm certs
kubeadm certs provides utilities for managing certificates.
For more details on how these commands can be used, see
Certificate Management with kubeadm.
kubeadm certs
A collection of operations for operating Kubernetes certificates.
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm certs renew [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for renew
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew all available certificates
Synopsis
Renew all known certificates necessary to run the control plane. Renewals are run unconditionally, regardless of expiration date. Renewals can also be run individually for more control.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for serving etcd
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for serving etcd.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate for the front proxy client
Synopsis
Renew the certificate for the front proxy client.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the scheduler manager to use
Synopsis
Renew the certificate embedded in the kubeconfig file for the scheduler manager to use.
Renewals run unconditionally, regardless of certificate expiration date; extra attributes such as SANs will be based on the existing file/certificates, there is no need to resupply them.
Renewal by default tries to use the certificate authority in the local PKI managed by kubeadm; as alternative it is possible to use K8s certificate API for certificate renewal, or as a last option, to generate a CSR request.
After renewal, in order to make changes effective, is required to restart control-plane components and eventually re-distribute the renewed certificate in case the file is used elsewhere.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm certs certificate-key
This command can be used to generate a new control-plane certificate key.
The key can be passed as --certificate-key to kubeadm init
and kubeadm join
to enable the automatic copy of certificates when joining additional control-plane nodes.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm certs generate-csr
This command can be used to generate keys and CSRs for all control-plane certificates and kubeconfig files.
The user can then sign the CSRs with a CA of their choice.
Generates keys and certificate signing requests (CSRs) for all the certificates required to run the control plane. This command also generates partial kubeconfig files with private key data in the "users > user > client-key-data" field, and for each kubeconfig file an accompanying ".csr" file is created.
This command is designed for use in Kubeadm External CA Mode. It generates CSRs which you can then submit to your external certificate authority for signing.
The PEM encoded signed certificates should then be saved alongside the key files, using ".crt" as the file extension, or in the case of kubeconfig files, the PEM encoded signed certificate should be base64 encoded and added to the kubeconfig file in the "users > user > client-certificate-data" field.
kubeadm certs generate-csr [flags]
Examples
# The following command will generate keys and CSRs for all control-plane certificates and kubeconfig files:
kubeadm certs generate-csr --kubeconfig-dir /tmp/etc-k8s --cert-dir /tmp/etc-k8s/pki
kubeadm reset to revert any changes made to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join
11 - kubeadm init phase
kubeadm init phase enables you to invoke atomic steps of the bootstrap process.
Hence, you can let kubeadm do some of the work and you can fill in the gaps
if you wish to apply customization.
kubeadm init phase is consistent with the kubeadm init workflow,
and behind the scene both use the same code.
kubeadm init phase preflight
Using this command you can execute preflight checks on a control-plane node.
# Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm init using a config file.
kubeadm init phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start
This phase will write the kubelet configuration file and environment file and then start the kubelet.
Write a file with KubeletConfiguration and an environment file with node specific kubelet settings, and then (re)start kubelet.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start [flags]
Examples
# Writes a dynamic environment file with kubelet flags from a InitConfiguration file.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-start --config config.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for kubelet-start
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase certs
Can be used to create all required certificates by kubeadm.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet, and save them into apiserver-kubelet-client.crt and apiserver-kubelet-client.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for front-proxy-client
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
Synopsis
Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd, and save them into etcd/ca.crt and etcd/ca.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs etcd-ca [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd-ca
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the certificate for serving etcd
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for serving etcd, and save them into etcd/server.crt and etcd/server.key files.
Default SANs are localhost, 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.1, ::1
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs etcd-server [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd-server
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other, and save them into etcd/peer.crt and etcd/peer.key files.
Default SANs are localhost, 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.1, ::1
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs etcd-peer [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd-peer
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
Synopsis
Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd, and save them into etcd/healthcheck-client.crt and etcd/healthcheck-client.key files.
If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for apiserver-etcd-client
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
Synopsis
Generate the private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key, and save them into sa.key and sa.pub files. If both files already exist, kubeadm skips the generation step and existing files will be used.
Alpha Disclaimer: this command is currently alpha.
kubeadm init phase certs sa [flags]
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
-h, --help
help for sa
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig
You can create all required kubeconfig files by calling the all subcommand or call them individually.
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use only for cluster bootstrapping purposes
Synopsis
Generate the kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use and save it to kubelet.conf file.
Please note that this should only be used for cluster bootstrapping purposes. After your control plane is up, you should request all kubelet credentials from the CSR API.
kubeadm init phase kubeconfig kubelet [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase control-plane [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate all static Pod manifest files
Synopsis
Generate all static Pod manifest files
kubeadm init phase control-plane all [flags]
Examples
# Generates all static Pod manifest files for control plane components,
# functionally equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase control-plane all
# Generates all static Pod manifest files using options read from a configuration file.
kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config config.yaml
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
A set of extra flags to pass to the Controller Manager or override default ones in form of <flagname>=<value>
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
A set of extra flags to pass to the API Server or override default ones in form of <flagname>=<value>
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
Synopsis
Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase etcd [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for etcd
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
Synopsis
Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
kubeadm init phase etcd local [flags]
Examples
# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd, functionally
# equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase etcd local
# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd using options
# read from a configuration file.
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config config.yaml
Options
--cert-dir string Default: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
The path where to save and store the certificates.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
Choose a container registry to pull control plane images from
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase upload-config
You can use this command to upload the kubeadm configuration to your cluster.
Alternatively, you can use kubeadm config.
Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase upload-config [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for upload-config
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Upload all configuration to a config map
Synopsis
Upload all configuration to a config map
kubeadm init phase upload-config all [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap called kubeadm-config in the kube-system namespace. This enables correct configuration of system components and a seamless user experience when upgrading.
Alternatively, you can use kubeadm config.
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubeadm [flags]
Examples
# upload the configuration of your cluster
kubeadm init phase upload-config --config=myConfig.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
Synopsis
Upload the kubelet configuration extracted from the kubeadm InitConfiguration object to a kubelet-config ConfigMap in the cluster
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubelet [flags]
Examples
# Upload the kubelet configuration from the kubeadm Config file to a ConfigMap in the cluster.
kubeadm init phase upload-config kubelet --config kubeadm.yaml
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase upload-certs
Use the following phase to upload control-plane certificates to the cluster.
By default the certs and encryption key expire after two hours.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-certificate-key-print
Don't print the key used to encrypt the control-plane certificates.
--upload-certs
Upload control-plane certificates to the kubeadm-certs Secret.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane
Use the following phase to label and taint the node as a control plane node.
# Applies control-plane label and taint to the current node, functionally equivalent to what executed by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config config.yaml
# Applies control-plane label and taint to a specific node
kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --node-name myNode
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for mark-control-plane
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token
Use the following phase to configure bootstrap tokens.
Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
Synopsis
Bootstrap tokens are used for establishing bidirectional trust between a node joining the cluster and a control-plane node.
This command makes all the configurations required to make bootstrap tokens works and then creates an initial token.
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token [flags]
Examples
# Make all the bootstrap token configurations and create an initial token, functionally
# equivalent to what generated by kubeadm init.
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--skip-token-print
Skip printing of the default bootstrap token generated by 'kubeadm init'.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm init phase kubelet-finalize
Use the following phase to update settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS
bootstrap. You can use the all subcommand to run all kubelet-finalize
phases.
Install required addons for passing conformance tests
Synopsis
This command is not meant to be run on its own. See list of available subcommands.
kubeadm init phase addon [flags]
Options
-h, --help
help for addon
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Install all the addons
Synopsis
Install all the addons
kubeadm init phase addon all [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
Port for the API Server to bind to.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane-endpoint string
Specify a stable IP address or DNS name for the control plane.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
Use alternative domain for services, e.g. "myorg.internal".
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
Synopsis
Install the CoreDNS addon components via the API server. Please note that although the DNS server is deployed, it will not be scheduled until CNI is installed.
kubeadm init phase addon coredns [flags]
Options
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
--feature-gates string
A set of key=value pairs that describe feature gates for various features. Options are: EtcdLearnerMode=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) PublicKeysECDSA=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) RootlessControlPlane=true|false (ALPHA - default=false) UpgradeAddonsBeforeControlPlane=true|false (DEPRECATED - default=false)
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--print-manifest
Print the addon manifests to STDOUT instead of installing them
--service-cidr string Default: "10.96.0.0/12"
Use alternative range of IP address for service VIPs.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--kubernetes-version string Default: "stable-1"
Choose a specific Kubernetes version for the control plane.
--pod-network-cidr string
Specify range of IP addresses for the pod network. If set, the control plane will automatically allocate CIDRs for every node.
--print-manifest
Print the addon manifests to STDOUT instead of installing them
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
For more details on each field in the v1beta3 configuration you can navigate to our
API reference pages.
What's next
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
kubeadm join phase enables you to invoke atomic steps of the join process.
Hence, you can let kubeadm do some of the work and you can fill in the gaps
if you wish to apply customization.
kubeadm join phase is consistent with the kubeadm join workflow,
and behind the scene both use the same code.
# Run join pre-flight checks using a config file.
kubeadm join phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for preflight
--ignore-preflight-errors strings
A list of checks whose errors will be shown as warnings. Example: 'IsPrivilegedUser,Swap'. Value 'all' ignores errors from all checks.
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare
Using this phase you can prepare a node for serving a control-plane.
# Prepares the machine for serving a control plane
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane-prepare
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
Synopsis
Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all [api-server-endpoint] [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--certificate-key string
Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for all
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
[EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
Synopsis
[EXPERIMENTAL] Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for certs
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
Synopsis
Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--apiserver-bind-port int32 Default: 6443
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the port for the API Server to bind to.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for control-plane
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm join phase kubelet-start
Using this phase you can write the kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet.
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--discovery-file string
For file-based discovery, a file or URL from which to load cluster information.
--discovery-token string
For token-based discovery, the token used to validate cluster information fetched from the API server.
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash strings
For token-based discovery, validate that the root CA public key matches this hash (format: "<type>:<value>").
--discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification
For token-based discovery, allow joining without --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash pinning.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for kubelet-start
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
--tls-bootstrap-token string
Specify the token used to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes Control Plane while joining the node.
--token string
Use this token for both discovery-token and tls-bootstrap-token when those values are not provided.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join
Using this phase you can join a node as a control-plane instance.
# Joins a machine as a control plane instance
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join all
Options
-h, --help
help for control-plane-join
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Join a machine as a control plane instance
Synopsis
Join a machine as a control plane instance
kubeadm join phase control-plane-join all [flags]
Options
--apiserver-advertise-address string
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for all
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for etcd
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Register the new control-plane node into the ClusterStatus maintained in the kubeadm-config ConfigMap (DEPRECATED)
Synopsis
Register the new control-plane node into the ClusterStatus maintained in the kubeadm-config ConfigMap (DEPRECATED)
If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
--control-plane
Create a new control plane instance on this node
-h, --help
help for update-status
--node-name string
Specify the node name.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo
kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo
# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo using a kubeadm config file bar
kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo --config=bar
Options
--client-name string
The name of user. It will be used as the CN if client certificates are created
--config string
Path to a kubeadm configuration file.
-h, --help
help for user
--org strings
The organizations of the client certificate. It will be used as the O if client certificates are created
--token string
The token that should be used as the authentication mechanism for this kubeconfig, instead of client certificates
--validity-period duration Default: 8760h0m0s
The validity period of the client certificate. It is an offset from the current time.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
14 - kubeadm reset phase
kubeadm reset phase enables you to invoke atomic steps of the node reset process.
Hence, you can let kubeadm do some of the work and you can fill in the gaps
if you wish to apply customization.
kubeadm reset phase is consistent with the kubeadm reset workflow,
and behind the scene both use the same code.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
kubeadm reset phase cleanup-node
Using this phase you can perform cleanup on this node.
The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.
--cleanup-tmp-dir
Cleanup the "/etc/kubernetes/tmp" directory
--cri-socket string
Path to the CRI socket to connect. If empty kubeadm will try to auto-detect this value; use this option only if you have more than one CRI installed or if you have non-standard CRI socket.
--dry-run
Don't apply any changes; just output what would be done.
-h, --help
help for cleanup-node
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
What's next
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
In v1.15.0, kubeadm introduced preliminary support for kubeadm upgrade node phases.
Phases for other kubeadm upgrade sub-commands such as apply, could be added in the
following releases.
kubeadm upgrade node phase
Using this phase you can choose to execute the separate steps of the upgrade of
secondary control-plane or worker nodes. Please note that kubeadm upgrade apply still has to
be called on a primary control-plane node.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
Synopsis
Download the kubelet configuration from the kubelet-config ConfigMap stored in the cluster
kubeadm upgrade node phase kubelet-config [flags]
Options
--dry-run
Do not change any state, just output the actions that would be performed.
The kubeconfig file to use when talking to the cluster. If the flag is not set, a set of standard locations can be searched for an existing kubeconfig file.
--patches string
Path to a directory that contains files named "target[suffix][+patchtype].extension". For example, "kube-apiserver0+merge.yaml" or just "etcd.json". "target" can be one of "kube-apiserver", "kube-controller-manager", "kube-scheduler", "etcd", "kubeletconfiguration". "patchtype" can be one of "strategic", "merge" or "json" and they match the patch formats supported by kubectl. The default "patchtype" is "strategic". "extension" must be either "json" or "yaml". "suffix" is an optional string that can be used to determine which patches are applied first alpha-numerically.
Options inherited from parent commands
--rootfs string
[EXPERIMENTAL] The path to the 'real' host root filesystem.
What's next
kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
kubeadm init and kubeadm join together provides a nice user experience for creating a
best-practice but bare Kubernetes cluster from scratch.
However, it might not be obvious how kubeadm does that.
This document provides additional details on what happen under the hood, with the aim of sharing
knowledge on Kubernetes cluster best practices.
Core design principles
The cluster that kubeadm init and kubeadm join set up should be:
Secure: It should adopt latest best-practices like:
enforcing RBAC
using the Node Authorizer
using secure communication between the control plane components
using secure communication between the API server and the kubelets
lock-down the kubelet API
locking down access to the API for system components like the kube-proxy and CoreDNS
locking down what a Bootstrap Token can access
User-friendly: The user should not have to run anything more than a couple of commands:
kubeadm init
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
kubectl apply -f <network-of-choice.yaml>
kubeadm join --token <token> <endpoint>:<port>
Extendable:
It should not favor any particular network provider. Configuring the cluster network is out-of-scope
It should provide the possibility to use a config file for customizing various parameters
Constants and well-known values and paths
In order to reduce complexity and to simplify development of higher level tools that build on top of kubeadm, it uses a
limited set of constant values for well-known paths and file names.
The Kubernetes directory /etc/kubernetes is a constant in the application, since it is clearly the given path
in a majority of cases, and the most intuitive location; other constants paths and file names are:
/etc/kubernetes/manifests as the path where kubelet should look for static Pod manifests.
Names of static Pod manifests are:
etcd.yaml
kube-apiserver.yaml
kube-controller-manager.yaml
kube-scheduler.yaml
/etc/kubernetes/ as the path where kubeconfig files with identities for control plane
components are stored. Names of kubeconfig files are:
kubelet.conf (bootstrap-kubelet.conf during TLS bootstrap)
controller-manager.conf
scheduler.conf
admin.conf for the cluster admin and kubeadm itself
Names of certificates and key files :
ca.crt, ca.key for the Kubernetes certificate authority
apiserver.crt, apiserver.key for the API server certificate
apiserver-kubelet-client.crt, apiserver-kubelet-client.key for the client certificate used
by the API server to connect to the kubelets securely
sa.pub, sa.key for the key used by the controller manager when signing ServiceAccount
front-proxy-ca.crt, front-proxy-ca.key for the front proxy certificate authority
front-proxy-client.crt, front-proxy-client.key for the front proxy client
kubeadm init workflow internal design
The kubeadm initinternal workflow
consists of a sequence of atomic work tasks to perform,
as described in kubeadm init.
The kubeadm init phase command allows
users to invoke each task individually, and ultimately offers a reusable and composable
API/toolbox that can be used by other Kubernetes bootstrap tools, by any IT automation tool or by
an advanced user for creating custom clusters.
Preflight checks
Kubeadm executes a set of preflight checks before starting the init, with the aim to verify
preconditions and avoid common cluster startup problems.
The user can skip specific preflight checks or all of them with the --ignore-preflight-errors option.
[warning] If the Kubernetes version to use (specified with the --kubernetes-version flag) is
at least one minor version higher than the kubeadm CLI version.
Kubernetes system requirements:
if running on linux:
[error] if Kernel is older than the minimum required version
[error] if required cgroups subsystem aren't set up
[error] if the CRI endpoint does not answer
[error] if user is not root
[error] if the machine hostname is not a valid DNS subdomain
[warning] if the host name cannot be reached via network lookup
[error] if kubelet version is lower that the minimum kubelet version supported by kubeadm (current minor -1)
[error] if kubelet version is at least one minor higher than the required controlplane version (unsupported version skew)
[warning] if kubelet service does not exist or if it is disabled
[warning] if firewalld is active
[error] if API server bindPort or ports 10250/10251/10252 are used
[Error] if /etc/kubernetes/manifest folder already exists and it is not empty
[Error] if /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables file does not exist/does not contain 1
[Error] if advertise address is ipv6 and /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables does not exist/does not contain 1.
[Error] if swap is on
[Error] if conntrack, ip, iptables, mount, nsenter commands are not present in the command path
[warning] if ebtables, ethtool, socat, tc, touch, crictl commands are not present in the command path
[warning] if extra arg flags for API server, controller manager, scheduler contains some invalid options
[warning] if connection to https://API.AdvertiseAddress:API.BindPort goes through proxy
[warning] if connection to services subnet goes through proxy (only first address checked)
[warning] if connection to Pods subnet goes through proxy (only first address checked)
If external etcd is provided:
[Error] if etcd version is older than the minimum required version
[Error] if etcd certificates or keys are specified, but not provided
If external etcd is NOT provided (and thus local etcd will be installed):
[Error] if ports 2379 is used
[Error] if Etcd.DataDir folder already exists and it is not empty
Kubeadm generates certificate and private key pairs for different purposes:
A self signed certificate authority for the Kubernetes cluster saved into ca.crt file and
ca.key private key file
A serving certificate for the API server, generated using ca.crt as the CA, and saved into
apiserver.crt file with its private key apiserver.key. This certificate should contain
following alternative names:
The Kubernetes service's internal clusterIP (the first address in the services CIDR, e.g.
10.96.0.1 if service subnet is 10.96.0.0/12)
Kubernetes DNS names, e.g. kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local if --service-dns-domain
flag value is cluster.local, plus default DNS names kubernetes.default.svc,
kubernetes.default, kubernetes
The node-name
The --apiserver-advertise-address
Additional alternative names specified by the user
A client certificate for the API server to connect to the kubelets securely, generated using
ca.crt as the CA and saved into apiserver-kubelet-client.crt file with its private key
apiserver-kubelet-client.key.
This certificate should be in the system:masters organization
A private key for signing ServiceAccount Tokens saved into sa.key file along with its public key sa.pub
A certificate authority for the front proxy saved into front-proxy-ca.crt file with its key
front-proxy-ca.key
A client cert for the front proxy client, generate using front-proxy-ca.crt as the CA and
saved into front-proxy-client.crt file with its private keyfront-proxy-client.key
Certificates are stored by default in /etc/kubernetes/pki, but this directory is configurable
using the --cert-dir flag.
Please note that:
If a given certificate and private key pair both exist, and its content is evaluated compliant with the above specs, the existing files will
be used and the generation phase for the given certificate skipped. This means the user can, for example, copy an existing CA to
/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.{crt,key}, and then kubeadm will use those files for signing the rest of the certs.
See also using custom certificates
Only for the CA, it is possible to provide the ca.crt file but not the ca.key file, if all other certificates and kubeconfig files
already are in place kubeadm recognize this condition and activates the ExternalCA , which also implies the csrsignercontroller in
controller-manager won't be started
If kubeadm is running in external CA mode;
all the certificates must be provided by the user, because kubeadm cannot generate them by itself
In case of kubeadm is executed in the --dry-run mode, certificates files are written in a temporary folder
Generate kubeconfig files for control plane components
Kubeadm generates kubeconfig files with identities for control plane components:
A kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use during TLS bootstrap -
/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf. Inside this file there is a bootstrap-token or embedded
client certificates for authenticating this node with the cluster.
This client cert should:
Be in the system:nodes organization, as required by the
Node Authorization module
Have the Common Name (CN) system:node:<hostname-lowercased>
A kubeconfig file for controller-manager, /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf; inside this
file is embedded a client certificate with controller-manager identity. This client cert should
have the CN system:kube-controller-manager, as defined by default
RBAC core components roles
A kubeconfig file for scheduler, /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf; inside this file is embedded
a client certificate with scheduler identity.
This client cert should have the CN system:kube-scheduler, as defined by default
RBAC core components roles
Additionally, a kubeconfig file for kubeadm itself and the admin is generated and saved into the
/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf file. The "admin" here is defined as the actual person(s) that is
administering the cluster and wants to have full control (root) over the cluster. The
embedded client certificate for admin should be in the system:masters organization, as defined
by default RBAC user facing role bindings.
It should also include a CN. Kubeadm uses the kubernetes-admin CN.
Please note that:
ca.crt certificate is embedded in all the kubeconfig files.
If a given kubeconfig file exists, and its content is evaluated compliant with the above specs,
the existing file will be used and the generation phase for the given kubeconfig skipped
If kubeadm is running in ExternalCA mode,
all the required kubeconfig must be provided by the user as well, because kubeadm cannot
generate any of them by itself
In case of kubeadm is executed in the --dry-run mode, kubeconfig files are written in a temporary folder
Generate static Pod manifests for control plane components
Kubeadm writes static Pod manifest files for control plane components to
/etc/kubernetes/manifests. The kubelet watches this directory for Pods to create on startup.
Static Pod manifest share a set of common properties:
All static Pods are deployed on kube-system namespace
All static Pods get tier:control-plane and component:{component-name} labels
All static Pods use the system-node-critical priority class
hostNetwork: true is set on all static Pods to allow control plane startup before a network is
configured; as a consequence:
The address that the controller-manager and the scheduler use to refer the API server is 127.0.0.1
If using a local etcd server, etcd-servers address will be set to 127.0.0.1:2379
Leader election is enabled for both the controller-manager and the scheduler
Controller-manager and the scheduler will reference kubeconfig files with their respective, unique identities
The static Pod manifest for the API server is affected by following parameters provided by the users:
The apiserver-advertise-address and apiserver-bind-port to bind to; if not provided, those
value defaults to the IP address of the default network interface on the machine and port 6443
The service-cluster-ip-range to use for services
If an external etcd server is specified, the etcd-servers address and related TLS settings
(etcd-cafile, etcd-certfile, etcd-keyfile);
if an external etcd server is not be provided, a local etcd will be used (via host network)
If a cloud provider is specified, the corresponding --cloud-provider is configured, together
with the --cloud-config path if such file exists (this is experimental, alpha and will be
removed in a future version)
Other API server flags that are set unconditionally are:
--insecure-port=0 to avoid insecure connections to the api server
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true to enable the BootstrapTokenAuthenticator authentication module.
See TLS Bootstrapping for more details
--allow-privileged to true (required e.g. by kube proxy)
--requestheader-client-ca-file to front-proxy-ca.crt
PersistentVolumeLabel
attaches region or zone labels to PersistentVolumes as defined by the cloud provider (This
admission controller is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
It is not deployed by kubeadm by default with v1.9 onwards when not explicitly opting into
using gce or aws as cloud providers)
DefaultStorageClass
to enforce default storage class on PersistentVolumeClaim objects
NodeRestriction
to limit what a kubelet can modify (e.g. only pods on this node)
--kubelet-preferred-address-types to InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname; this makes kubectl logs and other API server-kubelet communication work in environments where the hostnames of the
nodes aren't resolvable
Flags for using certificates generated in previous steps:
--client-ca-file to ca.crt
--tls-cert-file to apiserver.crt
--tls-private-key-file to apiserver.key
--kubelet-client-certificate to apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
--kubelet-client-key to apiserver-kubelet-client.key
The static Pod manifest for the controller manager is affected by following parameters provided by
the users:
If kubeadm is invoked specifying a --pod-network-cidr, the subnet manager feature required for
some CNI network plugins is enabled by setting:
--allocate-node-cidrs=true
--cluster-cidr and --node-cidr-mask-size flags according to the given CIDR
If a cloud provider is specified, the corresponding --cloud-provider is specified, together
with the --cloud-config path if such configuration file exists (this is experimental, alpha
and will be removed in a future version)
Other flags that are set unconditionally are:
--controllers enabling all the default controllers plus BootstrapSigner and TokenCleaner
controllers for TLS bootstrap. See TLS Bootstrapping
for more details
--use-service-account-credentials to true
Flags for using certificates generated in previous steps:
--root-ca-file to ca.crt
--cluster-signing-cert-file to ca.crt, if External CA mode is disabled, otherwise to ""
--cluster-signing-key-file to ca.key, if External CA mode is disabled, otherwise to ""
--service-account-private-key-file to sa.key
Scheduler
The static Pod manifest for the scheduler is not affected by parameters provided by the users.
Generate static Pod manifest for local etcd
If you specified an external etcd this step will be skipped, otherwise kubeadm generates a
static Pod manifest file for creating a local etcd instance running in a Pod with following attributes:
listen on localhost:2379 and use HostNetwork=true
make a hostPath mount out from the dataDir to the host's filesystem
Any extra flags specified by the user
Please note that:
The etcd container image will be pulled from registry.gcr.io by default. See
using custom images
for customizing the image repository.
If you run kubeadm in --dry-run mode, the etcd static Pod manifest is written
into a temporary folder.
You can directly invoke static Pod manifest generation for local etcd, using the
kubeadm init phase etcd local
command.
Wait for the control plane to come up
kubeadm waits (upto 4m0s) until localhost:6443/healthz (kube-apiserver liveness) returns ok.
However in order to detect deadlock conditions, kubeadm fails fast if localhost:10255/healthz
(kubelet liveness) or localhost:10255/healthz/syncloop (kubelet readiness) don't return ok
within 40s and 60s respectively.
kubeadm relies on the kubelet to pull the control plane images and run them properly as static Pods.
After the control plane is up, kubeadm completes the tasks described in following paragraphs.
Save the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration in a ConfigMap for later reference
kubeadm saves the configuration passed to kubeadm init in a ConfigMap named kubeadm-config
under kube-system namespace.
This will ensure that kubeadm actions executed in future (e.g kubeadm upgrade) will be able to
determine the actual/current cluster state and make new decisions based on that data.
Please note that:
Before saving the ClusterConfiguration, sensitive information like the token is stripped from the configuration
kubeadm init ensures that everything is properly configured for this process, and this includes
following steps as well as setting API server and controller flags as already described in
previous paragraphs.
Please note that:
TLS bootstrapping for nodes can be configured with the command
kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token,
executing all the configuration steps described in following paragraphs;
alternatively, each step can be invoked individually
Create a bootstrap token
kubeadm init create a first bootstrap token, either generated automatically or provided by the
user with the --token flag; as documented in bootstrap token specification, token should be
saved as secrets with name bootstrap-token-<token-id> under kube-system namespace.
Please note that:
The default token created by kubeadm init will be used to validate temporary user during TLS
bootstrap process; those users will be member of
system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token group
The token has a limited validity, default 24 hours (the interval may be changed with the —token-ttl flag)
Additional tokens can be created with the kubeadm token
command, that provide as well other useful functions for token management.
Allow joining nodes to call CSR API
Kubeadm ensures that users in system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token group are able to
access the certificate signing API.
This is implemented by creating a ClusterRoleBinding named kubeadm:kubelet-bootstrap between the
group above and the default RBAC role system:node-bootstrapper.
Set up auto approval for new bootstrap tokens
Kubeadm ensures that the Bootstrap Token will get its CSR request automatically approved by the
csrapprover controller.
This is implemented by creating ClusterRoleBinding named kubeadm:node-autoapprove-bootstrap
between the system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token group and the default role
system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient.
The role system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient should be created as
well, granting POST permission to
/apis/certificates.k8s.io/certificatesigningrequests/nodeclient.
Set up nodes certificate rotation with auto approval
Kubeadm ensures that certificate rotation is enabled for nodes, and that new certificate request
for nodes will get its CSR request automatically approved by the csrapprover controller.
This is implemented by creating ClusterRoleBinding named
kubeadm:node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation between the system:nodes group and the default
role system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient.
Create the public cluster-info ConfigMap
This phase creates the cluster-info ConfigMap in the kube-public namespace.
Additionally it creates a Role and a RoleBinding granting access to the ConfigMap for
unauthenticated users (i.e. users in RBAC group system:unauthenticated).
Please note that:
The access to the cluster-info ConfigMap is not rate-limited. This may or may not be a
problem if you expose your cluster's API server to the internet; worst-case scenario here is a
DoS attack where an attacker uses all the in-flight requests the kube-apiserver can handle to
serving the cluster-info ConfigMap.
Install addons
Kubeadm installs the internal DNS server and the kube-proxy addon components via the API server.
A ServiceAccount for kube-proxy is created in the kube-system namespace; then kube-proxy is
deployed as a DaemonSet:
The credentials (ca.crt and token) to the control plane come from the ServiceAccount
The location (URL) of the API server comes from a ConfigMap
The kube-proxy ServiceAccount is bound to the privileges in the system:node-proxier ClusterRole
DNS
The CoreDNS service is named kube-dns. This is done to prevent any interruption
in service when the user is switching the cluster DNS from kube-dns to CoreDNS
the --config method described here.
A ServiceAccount for CoreDNS is created in the kube-system namespace.
The coredns ServiceAccount is bound to the privileges in the system:coredns ClusterRole
In Kubernetes version 1.21, support for using kube-dns with kubeadm was removed.
You can use CoreDNS with kubeadm even when the related Service is named kube-dns.
kubeadm join phases internal design
Similarly to kubeadm init, also kubeadm join internal workflow consists of a sequence of
atomic work tasks to perform.
This is split into discovery (having the Node trust the Kubernetes Master) and TLS bootstrap
(having the Kubernetes Master trust the Node).
kubeadm executes a set of preflight checks before starting the join, with the aim to verify
preconditions and avoid common cluster startup problems.
Please note that:
kubeadm join preflight checks are basically a subset kubeadm init preflight checks
Starting from 1.24, kubeadm uses crictl to communicate to all known CRI endpoints.
Starting from 1.9, kubeadm provides support for joining nodes running on Windows; in that case,
linux specific controls are skipped.
In any case the user can skip specific preflight checks (or eventually all preflight checks)
with the --ignore-preflight-errors option.
Discovery cluster-info
There are 2 main schemes for discovery. The first is to use a shared token along with the IP
address of the API server.
The second is to provide a file (that is a subset of the standard kubeconfig file).
Shared token discovery
If kubeadm join is invoked with --discovery-token, token discovery is used; in this case the
node basically retrieves the cluster CA certificates from the cluster-info ConfigMap in the
kube-public namespace.
In order to prevent "man in the middle" attacks, several steps are taken:
First, the CA certificate is retrieved via insecure connection (this is possible because
kubeadm init granted access to cluster-info users for system:unauthenticated )
Then the CA certificate goes trough following validation steps:
Basic validation: using the token ID against a JWT signature
Pub key validation: using provided --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash. This value is available
in the output of kubeadm init or can be calculated using standard tools (the hash is
calculated over the bytes of the Subject Public Key Info (SPKI) object as in RFC7469). The
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash flag may be repeated multiple times to allow more than one public key.
As a additional validation, the CA certificate is retrieved via secure connection and then
compared with the CA retrieved initially
Please note that:
Pub key validation can be skipped passing --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification flag;
This weakens the kubeadm security model since others can potentially impersonate the Kubernetes Master.
File/https discovery
If kubeadm join is invoked with --discovery-file, file discovery is used; this file can be a
local file or downloaded via an HTTPS URL; in case of HTTPS, the host installed CA bundle is used
to verify the connection.
With file discovery, the cluster CA certificates is provided into the file itself; in fact, the
discovery file is a kubeconfig file with only server and certificate-authority-data attributes
set, as described in kubeadm join
reference doc; when the connection with the cluster is established, kubeadm try to access the
cluster-info ConfigMap, and if available, uses it.
TLS Bootstrap
Once the cluster info are known, the file bootstrap-kubelet.conf is written, thus allowing
kubelet to do TLS Bootstrapping.
The TLS bootstrap mechanism uses the shared token to temporarily authenticate with the Kubernetes
API server to submit a certificate signing request (CSR) for a locally created key pair.
The request is then automatically approved and the operation completes saving ca.crt file and
kubelet.conf file to be used by kubelet for joining the cluster, whilebootstrap-kubelet.conf
is deleted.
Please note that:
The temporary authentication is validated against the token saved during the kubeadm init
process (or with additional tokens created with kubeadm token)
The temporary authentication resolve to a user member of
system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token group which was granted access to CSR api
during the kubeadm init process
The automatic CSR approval is managed by the csrapprover controller, according with
configuration done the kubeadm init process
Kubeadm is a tool built to provide